Udyana, known today as Swat Valley in Pakistan, was once a prominent Buddhist region that played a vital role in the development of early Buddhism. The name "Udyana" translates to "garden" or "orchard" in Sanskrit, reflecting the area's lush landscapes and rich history. It's believed that Udyana supported around 500 Sthavira Buddhist monasteries, which provided lodgings and sustenance for traveling monks for three days. Prakrit was the language spoken here, highlighting its cultural significance.
Historically,
Udyana’s early inhabitants
established well-planned towns under the influence of the Achaemenid Empire.
The region gained prominence in 327 BC when Alexander the Great besieged
Barikot, one of its key cities. By 305 BC, it came under the control of the
Mauryan Empire. In the 2nd century BC, Udyana became a melting pot of cultures
with the arrival of Buddhists, Indo-Greeks, and Kushans, marking it as the
birthplace of Vajrayana Buddhism.
Udyana’s
mythological significance cannot be overlooked. It is said to be blessed by the
footprints of Buddha himself, believed to have visited the region during his
travels in North India. Mythology also claims a rock where he dried his robes
and a site where he converted a Naga.